Calling something intelligent, even artificially intelligent, ever so subtly implies that it is more than just a thing, more than a tool. And yet, that is precisely what AI is: a tool, a thing.


Calling something intelligent, even artificially intelligent, ever so subtly implies that it is more than just a thing, more than a tool. And yet, that is precisely what AI is: a tool, a thing.

The highly dubious practice of “Fake It Till You Make It” resurfaced recently, as it has periodically throughout high-tech’s history, when it was exposed in scandals involving the diagnostics technology company Theranos and the cryptocurrency exchange FTX.

Though it is hard to find accurate figures on how many products introduced every year fail to meet safety and environmental standards—partly because market surveillance proves to be inadequate [6], while the assessment of market readiness is, in many cases, left to producers themselves [7] —the number may be higher than the public expects.